Influence of Strip Clearcuts, Deer Exclusion and Herbicide on Initial Sapling Recruitment in Northern Hardwood Forests

The influence of concurrent disturbances on plant community dynamics in northern hemlock-hardwood forests

........................................................................................................ 73 Introduction ................................................................................................... 74 Materials and Methods ................................................................................. 77 Study area ..........................................................

Regenerating Hardwood Forests: Managing Competing Plants, Deer, and Light

Sustainability of the Selection System in Northern Hardwood Forests

The selection silvicultural system is widely recommended for sustainable management of North American cool-temperate tolerant hardwood forests, yet concerns about high-grading, excessive removals, and adequate regeneration persist. We used field measurement of 96 recently harvested stands in the Great Lakes Region of the United States, under corporate, nonindustrial private, and state ownership...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

Different facets of tree sapling diversity influence browsing intensity by deer dependent on spatial scale

Browsing of tree saplings by deer hampers forest regeneration in mixed forests across Europe and North America. It is well known that tree species are differentially affected by deer browsing, but little is known about how different facets of diversity, such as species richness, identity, and composition, affect browsing intensity at different spatial scales. Using forest inventory data from th...